Federalism

1. National government (Federal government) : Government of the United States

2. State government : Government of the individual States

 

Dual Fedarlism

Government power was strictly divided between the state and national government

It is not separation of powers

 

1. National government

- The national government had jurisdiction over internal improvements.

(interstate roads and canals, subsidies to the states, and tariffs)

- The national government owns public lands.

- The national government regulates patents which need to be national for them to offer protection for inventors in all the states.

- The national government acontrols currency.

 

+ U.S. Constitution : Article 1, Section 8

To regulate commerce with foreign nations, and among the several states, and with the Indial tribes.

 

2. State government

- Property laws

- Inheritance laws

- Commercial laws

- Banking laws

- Corporate laws

- Insurance

- Family laws

- Morality

- Public health

- Education

- Criminal laws

- Land use (water & mineral rights)

- Elections

- Lecal government

- Licensing

 

3. National government's regulation

There was very little regulation of business at all.

- Going to war

- Buying and conquering enormous amounts of territories

- Delivering the mail

 

Cooperative Fedarlism

The New Deal brought cooperative federalism where the national government encourages states and localities to pursue nationally-defined goals.

 

1. Grant-in-aid

- Formula grants

A state gets aid in a certaion amount of money based on a mathematical formula.

ex. AFDC (Aid to Familis with Dependent Children)

States got a certaion amount of money for every person sho was classified as "poor."

The more poor people a state had, the more money it got.

 

- Project grants

Project grants require states to submit proposals in order to receive aid.

The states compete for a limited pool of resources.

Project grants are more common than Formula grants.

 

- Block grants

Government gives a state a huge money for something big, like infrastructure

The state is allowed to decide how to spend the money.

 

2. Regualted federalism

The national governments sets up regulation and rules that the states must follow.

ex. EPA rugulations, civil rights standards, and the rules set up by the Americans with Disabilities Act.

 

New Federalism

New Fedaralism means giving more power to the states, and this has been done in three ways.

 

1. Block grants

It allows states discretion to decide what to do with federal money.

 

2. Devolution

It is the process of giving state and local governments the power to enforce regulations, devolving power form the national to the state.

 

3. 10th Amendment

The powers not delegated to the United States by the constitution, not prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people.

 

단어

jurisdiction : 관할권

subsidies : 보조금

tariff : 관세

patent : 특허권

morality : 교훈, 덕행

grant-in-aid : 보조금

comply : 응하다

enforce : 억지로 시키다, 실시하다

devolve : 양도하다, 이전하다

delegate : 대리자, 파견하다, 위임하다

reserve : 예약하다

devolution : 상전, 이전, 퇴화